A robust and secure user authentication scheme based on multifactor and multi-gateway in IoT enabled sensor networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect data from various nodes in hostile environments, but it is essential to authenticate legitimate nodes to prevent malicious attacks. Traditional authentication schemes may be vulnerable to attack, necessitating the development of more secure authentication techniques. To address this problem, we propose a novel authentication technique for multi-gateway IoT-enabled WSNs that achieves effective and secure data communication. The proposed scheme is based on biological information, hash, and XOR operations, which reduce computational costs. Passwords, biometric information, and session keys are updated securely to maintain forward and backward secrecy during communication. We provide an informal security analysis of the proposed scheme and a formal security analysis of the session key using the real-or-random (ROR) model. We also use the AVISPA simulation toolkit to verify the proposed user authentication scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme is more effective than previous multi-factor multi-gateway authentication protocols.