Effect of neodymium doping on structural, optical, and dielectric properties of Ni ferrites synthesized by citrate gel auto-combustion method

Neodymium rare earth (Nd3+)-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles, chemically denoted as NiNdxFe2-xO4 (X = 0.01 to 0.10 in the step of 0.02), have been produced using the citrate gel auto-combustion method. The significant effect that adding Nd3+ to nickel ferrite had on changing the cation distribution as well as the material's structural and dielectric properties is researched and reported. The formation of crystal structures and crystalline size were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The electron microscope techniques using field emission were used to examine the microstructural characteristics, which show the production of nanocrystalline grains with spherical morphology. It is possible to utilize Raman spectroscopy to determine differences in nanoparticle phases and phase transitions. According to infrared spectroscopy, the spinel ferrite lattice system contains two absorption bands linked to tetrahedral and octahedral complexes. The substitution of Nd3+ion changes in particle size and cation redistribution. The examination of the dielectric might provide detailed knowledge of the charge transfer mechanism in the electrical conduction and dielectric polarization processes. These material's dielectric characteristics are influenced by their chemical makeup, processing technique, sintering process, and temperature. As the Nd3+ concentration rises, the dielectric loss reduces. The neodymium substitution is advantageous for electronic devices because they have reduced dielectric loss.