Chemotherapy versus best supportive care in advanced lung cancer and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: A retrospective multi-centre cohort study

Background: The clinical questions of whether chemotherapy as initial treatment, compared with best supportive care (BSC), improves overall survival (OS) and whether it increases the occurrence risk of acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer and IIP remain inconclusive. This study addresses these issues, given that chemotherapy-related acute exacerbation of IIP may be a Methods: We enrolled 1003 patients from 110 Japanese institutions and collected clinical profiles from 707 and 296 patients in the chemotherapy (men: women, 645:62; mean age, 70.4 +/- 6.9 years) and BSC (men: women, 261:35; mean age, 75.2 +/- 7.8) groups, respectively. We used propensity score matching to create 222 matched pairs from both groups using patient demographic data (age, sex, smoking status, performance status, history of acute exacerbation of IIP, desaturation on exertion, clinical diagnosis of IIP, high-resolution computed tomography findings, serum fibrotic markers, pulmonary function status, and lung cancer histopathology). Logistic or Cox regression analyses were performed using matched data to assess the effects of chemotherapy on the risk of acute exacerbation of IIP Results: In the well-matched cohort, chemotherapy improved OS (hazard ratio: 0.629, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.506-0.783, p < 0.0001); however, it involved significant acute Conclusions: Compared with BSC, chemotherapy can improve OS in patients with advanced (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Respiratory So