Advances in Cryogenic Systems for the Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector and Superconducting Quantum Computer

This article reviews the recent advances in the extremely low temperature cryogenic systems developed in the authors' laboratory for the superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) and the superconducting quantum computer. The cryogenic system developed for the SNSPD consists in a hybrid cryocooler and the auxiliary system. The hybrid cryocooler is typically composed of the recuperative Joule-Thomson cryocoolers precooled by the regenerative multi-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers to cover the temperature range of 600 mK to 2 K. The cryogenic system developed for the superconducting quantum computer is formed by a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator which typically is expected to operate in the temperature range of 10 to 100 mK. The application background, structural design, and performance improvement approaches of the above two extremely low temperature cryogenic systems are described in detail, and the performance characteristics of them will be presented and discussed. The integration technology of the cryogenic systems with the SNSPD and superconducting quantum computers will be focused on and discussed.