Importance of measuring the temperature of paved surfaces to study the changes in the microclimate of an urban area

The outdoor thermal comfort of an urban area gets affected by different aspects, such as the urban materials and urban morphology (building-canopy & trees-canopy). This paper aims to investigate the effect of such different aspects on urban surface thermal performance using in-situ measurements and to predict the same by coupling a simple single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) with a surface energy balance model (SEBM). The asphalt road is the hottest (45 & DEG;C), with a heating rate of 5.26 & DEG;C/hour during the day. The building canopy shading creates a 2.8 & DEG;C between the air temperatures. The results indicate the importance of green areas for cooling urban spaces due to their lower warming and surface shading from tree canopy as 7.3 & DEG;C of the temperature difference between surface and air temperature reduced to 3.2 & DEG;C. Averaging all the analysis, the model evaluates the surface temperature with R-2 = 0.8824, mean bias = 1.86 & DEG;C, MAE = 2.59 & DEG;C, and RMSE = 5.13 & DEG;C.