Genetic erosion in an endangered desert fish during a megadrought despite long-term supportive breeding

被引:6
|
作者
Osborne, Megan J. [1 ,2 ,6 ,7 ]
Archdeacon, Thomas P. [3 ]
Yackulic, Charles B. [4 ]
Dudley, Robert K. [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Caeiro-Dias, Guilherme [1 ,2 ]
Turner, Thomas F. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM USA
[2] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, MSC 03 2020, Albuquerque, NM USA
[3] New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA
[4] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ USA
[5] Amer Southwest Ichthyol Res, Albuquerque, NM USA
[6] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
[7] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, MSC 03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
关键词
conservation through megadrought; genetic monitoring; Rio Grande silvery minnow; supportive breeding; carpa chamizal; conservacion a traves de la megasequia; crianza en cautiverio; monitoreo genetico; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; N-E; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; RE-IMPLEMENTATION; LIFE-HISTORY; GREAT-PLAINS; CENSUS SIZE;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.14154
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Human water use combined with a recent megadrought have reduced river and stream flow through the southwest United States and led to periodic drying of formerly perennial river segments. Reductions in snowmelt runoff and increased extent of drying collectively threaten short-lived, obligate aquatic species, including the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). This species is subject to boom-and-bust population dynamics, under which large fluctuations in abundance are expected to lower estimates of effective population size and erode genetic diversity over time. Rates of diversity loss are also affected by additions of hatchery-origin fish used to supplement the wild population. We used demographic and genetic data from wild and hatchery individuals to examine the relationship of genetic diversity and effective population size to abundance over the last two decades. Genetic diversity was low during the early 2000s, but diversity and demographic metrics stabilized after the hatchery program was initiated and environmental conditions improved. Yet, from 2017 onward, allelic diversity declined (Cohen's d = 1.34) and remained low despite hatchery stocking and brief wild population recovery. Across the time series, single-sample estimates of effective population size based on linkage disequilibrium (LD Ne) were positively associated (r = 0.53) with wild abundance and total abundance, but as the proportion of hatchery-origin spawners increased, LD Ne declined (r = -0.55). Megadrought limited wild spawner abundance and precluded refreshment of hatchery brood stocks with wild fish; hence, we predict a riverine population increasingly dominated by hatchery-origin individuals and accelerated loss of genetic diversity despite supplementation. We recommend an adaptive and accelerated management plan that integrates river flow management and hatchery operations to slow the pace of genetic diversity loss exacerbated by megadrought. El uso humano del agua, combinado con una megasequia reciente, ha reducido el flujo de los rios y arroyos en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos y ha provocado la seca periodica de segmentos de rios que antes eran perennes. Las reducciones en la escorrentia del deshielo y el aumento de la sequia amenazan colectivamente a especies obligatoriamente acuaticas de vida corta, incluyendo la amenazada carpa chamizal (Hybognathus amarus). Esta especie esta sujeta a una dinamica poblacional de explosion y colapso, bajo la cual se espera que grandes fluctuaciones en la abundancia reduzcan las estimaciones del tamano efectivo de la poblacion y erosionen la diversidad genetica con el tiempo. Las tasas de perdida de la diversidad tambien se ven afectadas por la adicion de peces procedentes de criaderos usados para suplementar la poblacion silvestre. Utilizamos datos demograficos y geneticos de individuos silvestres y de criaderos para examinar la relacion entre la diversidad genetica y el tamano efectivo de la poblacion con la abundancia durante las ultimas dos decadas. La diversidad genetica fue baja a principios de los 2000, pero las metricas de diversidad y demografia estabilizaron despues de que se inicio el programa de criadero y mejoraron las condiciones ambientales. Sin embargo, a partir de 2017, la diversidad alelica disminuyo (d de Cohen = 1,34) y se mantuvo baja a pesar de la suplementacion con individuos de criaderos y la breve recuperacion de la poblacion silvestre. A lo largo del tiempo, las estimativas de muestras individuales del tamano efectivo de la poblacion basados en el desequilibrio de ligamiento (LD Ne) estaban asociadas positivamente (r = 0,53) con la abundancia silvestre y la abundancia total, pero a medida que la proporcion de desovadores originados en criaderos aumento, el LD Ne disminuyo (r = -0,55). La megasequia limito la abundancia de desovadores silvestres e impidio el reabastecimiento de las poblaciones en cautiverio con peces silvestres; por lo tanto, predecimos una poblacion riberena cada vez mas dominada por individuos procedentes de criaderos y una perdida acelerada de diversidad genetica a pesar de la suplementacion. Recomendamos un plan de gestion adaptativo y acelerado que integre la gestion del caudal del rio y las operaciones de criaderos para frenar el ritmo de perdida de diversidad genetica exacerbada por la megasequia.
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页数:15
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