Multiple Ulcers in the Ileum and Lymphadenopathy Following the Usage of Methotrexate in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report

This case report aims to highlight a rare occurrence of severe anemia and lymphadenopathy secondary to methotrexate (MTX)-induced ileal mucosa damage in a patient with elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA). We present the case of a 72-year-old female with a history of EORA, treated with MTX, who exhibited hematochezia without accompanying pain, diarrhea, or known infectious contacts. Diagnostic investigations included imaging and endoscopic procedures. The patient's presentation of severe anemia was atypical, given the absence of significant pain or discomfort associated with EORA. The lack of active bleeding observed during endoscopy, coupled with multiple ileal ulcers, suggested a chronic progression of mucosal damage. Laboratory findings, including normal lactate dehydrogenase, soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, and the absence of malignancy in mucosal biopsies, ruled out MTX-induced lymphoma. The patient's condition improved with the cessation of MTX and the introduction of symptomatic treatment and anemia management. This case underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and comprehensive evaluation in patients with RA, especially the elderly, treated with MTX. It also highlights the importance of considering drug-induced complications in the differential diagnosis of anemia. The case demonstrates the necessity of a personalized approach to treatment, emphasizing regular follow-ups and adjustments based on the patient's response to therapy. This report contributes to the growing body of evidence on the complexities of managing RA in the elderly, particularly regarding the side effects of common medications like MTX.