The high-quality development of agriculture is a major strategy related to China's modernization drive. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the party and the state's decision-making and deployment, adhere to the implementation of the strategy of quality-based agriculture, and unswervingly follow the path of quality-based agriculture. Based on the original agricultural modernization evaluation system, this paper explores and establishes an index system and measurement method for evaluating the high-quality development of agriculture. Moreover, this paper combines big data technology to construct a research model for measuring the difference in high-quality development of the provincial rural economy, build system modules, and analyze system processes. In addition, this paper uses the model of this paper to study the data in recent years, and draws out the problems existing in the high-quality development of the rural economy, and puts forward some opinions on the basis of the problems. Finally, through the experimental results, we can see that the intelligent model constructed in this paper has certain effects.