TOBACCO CLAY PIPES FROM OSIJEK

The article discusses 36 clay pipes unearthed during archeological excavations at five sites in Osijek: Tvrda - Courtyard of the Franciscan monastery (2012), Tvrda - Imperial gates (2016), Tvrda - Eastern entrance (2017), Osijek - Vukovarska 192 (2014), and Osijek - Queen Katarina Kosaca Park (2015-2016). The first three are post-medieval sites in Tvrda, while the last two are in the Downtown, where a post-medieval settlement emerged on the remains of Roman Mursa after the end of Ottoman rule. Most of the pipes are of Ottoman type and style (17th-19th century). The two most numerous groups from the 17th and part of the 18th century with apparent distribution patterns stand out. The pipes from the first group are characteristic in the area that more or less coincides with the territory of royal Hungary while finds from the second group have parallels at numerous sites in southeastern and partly central Europe but primarily in the area that was under Ottoman rule. Finds of Hungarian (18th-19th century) and Austrian types (19th century) are present in a smaller number. Among them there are pipes with master or workshop marks, often from major production centers.