Robust planning and economic analysis of park-level integrated energy system considering photovoltaic/thermal equipment

Park-level integrated energy system (PIES) is crucial for improving the efficiency of an energy system and has a terrific prospect. Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) is significant for improving the economic performance of PIES with electric and heat loads. However, the research on PIES considering PV/T is insufficient at present. Therefore, a PIES planning model considering PV/T is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the elaborate model of PV/T considering the heat transfer process is established. Moreover, a novel hot water model is proposed for a more accurate description of energy conversion. Based on the PV/T and hot water model, the PIES planning model is established. Then, nonlinear terms introduced by the PV/T model and hot water model are linearized by various methods, such as the piecewise McCormick envelope. Besides, robust optimization method is adopted to overcome the uncertainty, Finally, the case study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the planning model. The result shows that the electrical output of PV/T is 8.19% higher on average than that of photovoltaic (PV) equipment, the application of PV/T can reduce 17.66% of the PIES total cost on average and the novel hot water model can better reflect the temperature characteristic of hot water.