Cicero, Caesar, and the End of Cicero's Imperium

This article argues that Cicero laid down his imperium in Brundisium in September 47 after Caesar had, in a meeting between the two men, granted Cicero permission to retain his imperium and title of imperator for as long as Cicero wished to do so. Instead of accepting Caesar's offer, Cicero instead immediately repudiated it, laid down his imperium in the city of Brundisium, and went immediately to Tusculum to begin a sec-ond period of political retirement. Caesar's offer and his return to Italy in the autumn of 47 gave Cicero an excuse to consider expired the s CU of 7 January 49 and, by immedi-ately renouncing his imperium, perform, under the cover of his now-fulfilled obligation to the Pompeians, a calculated personal statement of political independence.