The multi-dimensionality of value landscapes

Post-normal science (PNS) is arguably an extension of the framing of knowledge production and use which includes the close linkage of facts and values. The paper argues that PNS is an fundamentally ethical perspective on scientific knowledge, which not only highlights uncertainties, but also the value dimensions of targeting the inherently complex world of ours. Analytically the notion of (social, personal or other) values is contentious in various scientific disciplines. The empirical study of values is notoriously elusive. This paper advances the multidimensional concept of valuelandscapes, and argues that studying values within this framework fits well within a PNS approach.