[1] Univ Washington, Dept Emergency Med, Sect Populat Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[2] Univ Washington, Comparat Hlth Outcomes Policy & Econ Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[3] Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv & Econ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[4] Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[5] Univ Washington, Ctr Workforce Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[6] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Seattle, WA USA
[7] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[8] Univ Washington, Ctr Scholarship Patient Care & Qual & Safety, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[9] Univ Washington, Ctr Hlth Innovat & Policy, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[10] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA
[11] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Hlth Syst Effectiveness, Portland, OR 97201 USA
[12] VA Hlth Serv Res & Dev, Seattle, WA USA