A new use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: Role of bioelectric technology in resistant hypertension (Review)

Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease-associated death. Hypertension and its complications are the main problems that have an impact on public health at present. A portion of adults with hypertension fail to meet the recommended blood pressure (BP) treatment goals, despite strict clinical management. Those individuals requiring at least three types of antihypertensive drugs to achieve their BP goal may be classified as patients with resistant hypertension (RH). Bioelectric technology is an emerging method that functions with the help of the human body's own bioelectric system. It is widely used in auxiliary examination, pain relief and organ function rehabilitation. Bioelectrical technology, as an effective treatment for RH, has developed rapidly in recent years and mainly includes renal sympathetic denervation, carotid baroreflex activation therapy, Traditional Chinese Medicine electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). The present review describes the pathogenesis of hypertension and provides an understanding of bioelectrical technology as a treatment. In particular, the development of the application of TENS in RH is introduced. The aim is to provide a basis for the clinical treatment of RH and a new idea for further clinical trials in this field.