Separate effect of biodiesel, n-butanol, and biogas on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine: a review

Unsustainable energy sources are one of the preeminent supply specks of power generation in the prevailing scenario. The production and utilization of energy have brought about serious ecological effects all over the globe. Exceptionally unpredictable fossil fuel expenses are making increasingly more ambiguity for the worldwide economy while simultaneously giving an ambiguous motivation for putting resources into sustainable power source advancements, which are now accepted as a viable solution. Biodiesel, higher alcohol, and gaseous fuel are considered to be suitable replacements for dwindling natural resources. These substitute fuels not only aid in enhancing the engine performance but also cooperate in contracting the injurious tailpipe emissions. In this review article, a study has been made to evaluate the domination of biodiesel, n-butanol, and biogas on the performance and emission characteristics of the diesel engine in comparison to fossil diesel. Conclusions of empirical analysis considering emission and performance characteristics with different permutation and combination are put forwarded to understand the commuted result on various characteristics of the diesel engine. The comprehensive study recommends that the performance characteristics of the engine degrade with substitute fuels, whereas its emission characteristics are depicted to have abated.