Energy assessment and thermodynamic evolution of a novel semi-clathrate hydrate cold storage system with internally circulating gas bubble disturbance

Low energy storage density, intermittent phase changes, and heat transfer barriers have posed significant challenges in the implementation of hydrate energy storage systems. Based on the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism for tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) hydrate phase change energy storage, a novel cold storage system with internally circulating gas disturbance was constructed for energy evaluation and thermodynamic evolution. The hydrate cold storage efficiency, response time, dynamic driving force, unique force pattern of the coils and guest molecule diffusion were analyzed for the first time. The bubbles generated by gas internal circulation provided numerous nucleation sites for hydrate formation, efficiently promoting the energy storage process. The disturbances caused by the bubbles also rapidly transmitted the energy generated by the phase change. A hydrate storage density of 57.4 kWh/m3 for this system was the maximum among known hydrate storage systems. Notably, a change in solution concentration (from 10 wt% to 40 wt%) resulted in a 2-3-fold increase in the cold charge capacity. Rapid dilution of local solutions and rapid release of cold were the ways to promote the cold discharge. Less damage to the stress structure of the coil was due to the loose accumulation of hydrate particles under gas disturbance. The microbubbles generated by the gas disturbance enabled heterogeneous nucleation and heat-mass transfer in the hydrate cold storage. The gas disturbance-based hydrate energy storage process holds significant guiding value for various applications such as refrigerated transport, building cooling systems, and grid peak shaving.