Evaluating constitutive models of smoothed particle hydrodynamics for bird-strike simulation

In this paper, the response of different bird constitutive models under high-speed impact was analysed by numerical methods, and the accuracy of the bird models was evaluated based on the experiments of bird impact on titanium alloy plates. Firstly, the finite element software LS-DYNA was used to build the model of bird impact on a titanium alloy plate. The impact deformation of the plate was investigated, and the numerical results were compared with the experiments. Next, the time histories of kinetic energy and impact force for different models were analysed. Finally, the deformation of the birds during the impact was compared. The results show that the hydrodynamic fluidic material model has the advantage in predicting the displacement of the plate, especially at the impact velocity of 180 m/s, and the predicted displacement results match the experiment the best. The kinetic energy of the four material models can reflect the displacement results. The kinetic energy of the hydrodynamic fluidic material model decays slowly, with the most remaining kinetic energy and the largest plate displacement; the kinetic energy of the elastic-plastic model decays fastest, with the minor remaining kinetic energy and the smallest plate displacement.