Analysis of the Readability and Accountability of Online Patient Education Materials Related to Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment

Purpose: To assess the readability and accountability of online patient education materials related to glaucoma diagnosis and treatment.Methods: We conducted a Google search for 10 search terms related to glaucoma diagnosis and 10 search terms related to glaucoma treatment. For each search term, the first 10 patient education websites populated after Google search were assessed for readability and accountability. Readability was assessed using five validated measures: Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and New Dale-Chall (NDC). Accountability was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks. The source of information for each article analyzed was recorded.Results: Of the 200 total websites analyzed, only 11% were written at or below the recommended 6th grade reading level. The average FRE and grade level for 100 glaucoma diagnosis-related articles were 42.02 +/- 1.08 and 10.53 +/- 1.30, respectively. The average FRE and grade level for 100 glaucoma treatment-related articles were 43.86 +/- 1.01 and 11.29 +/- 1.54, respectively. Crowdsourced articles were written at the highest average grade level (12.32 +/- 0.78), followed by articles written by private practice/independent users (11.22 +/- 1.74), national organizations (10.92 +/- 1.24), and educational institutions (10.33 +/- 1.35). Websites averaged 1.12 +/- 1.15 of 4 JAMA accountability metrics.Conclusion: Despite wide variation in the readability and accountability of online patient education materials related to glaucoma diagnosis and treatment, patient education materials are consistently written at levels above the recommended reading level and often lack accountability. Articles from educational institutions and national organizations were often written at lower reading levels but are less frequently encountered after Google search. There is a need for accurate and understandable online information that glaucoma patients can use to inform decisions about their eye health.