Maternal Dietary Zinc Intake during Pregnancy and Childhood Allergic Diseases up to Four Years: The Japan Environment and Children's Study

Maternal dietary zinc intake and childhood allergy have inconsistent relationships. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of low maternal dietary zinc intake during pregnancy on developing pediatric allergic diseases. This study was designed using the Japan Environment and Children's Study dataset. The model building used data from 74,948 mother-child pairs. Maternal dietary zinc intake was estimated based on the food frequency questionnaire, collecting the intake information of 171 food and beverage items. Fitted logistic regression models and generalized estimating equation models (GEEs) estimated the association between energy-adjusted zinc intake and childhood allergic conditions. The energy-adjusted zinc intake did not affect the risk of developing allergic disorders (wheeze, asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and food allergy) in offspring. The GEE model revealed similar insignificant odds ratios. No significant association was found between zinc intake during pregnancy and allergic diseases in offspring in early childhood. Further study remains necessary to examine the association between zinc and allergy with reliable zinc status biomarkers in the body.