Recent advances in low-dimensional nanostructures for superior microwave attenuation: A review

Electromagnetic interference and leakage have risen to the fourth-largest pollution source due to the vigorous progression of fifth-generation wireless communication and military multiband radars. The deployment of enhanced microwave absorption materials is an implementable strategy for addressing the problem of electro-magnetic interference. Traditional bulk-phase materials feature single microwave attenuation model, unmatched impedance matching, and weak electromagnetic response, which renders them inappropriate for the design of enhanced microwave absorption materials. Low-dimensional nanostructures with programmable crystal and electronic structures, controllable micro-nanoscopic morphologies, and quantum and dielectric confinement effects have become highly sought-after research hot. The exploitation of low-dimensional nanostructure pro -vides an attractive pathway for the development of state-of-the-art microwave absorption materials. Low-dimensional nanostructures, including zero-, one-, two-and mixed-dimensional nanomaterials, are extensively explored for applications in microwave absorption fields. In this review, the basic microwave attenuation mechanisms of low-dimensional nanostructure are firstly introduced thoroughly. Then, the recent advancements of low-dimensional nanostructure microwave absorption materials are systemically combed and summarized. Finally, the challenge and perspective for the future orientation of next-generation microwave absorption ma-terials enriched by low-dimensional nanostructures are provided. Predictably, low-dimensional nanostructures represent the future of cutting-edge microwave absorption materials.