Dose pulmonary hemorrhage increase the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants?

Objective To evaluate the association between pulmonary hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). Methods The study participants were all VLBW newborns admitted from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. The BPD subjects finally included were VLBWIs who survived until the diagnosis was established. This study was divided into pulmonary hemorrhage group (PH group, n = 35) and non-pulmonary hemorrhage group (Non-PH group, n = 190). Results By univariate analysis it was found that premature rupture of membranes, tracheal intubation in the delivery room, duration of mechanical ventilation, course of invasive ventilation (>= 3 courses), pulmonary surfactant (>1 dose), medically and surgically treated patent ductus arteriosus, grade III-IV RDS, early onset sepsis, BPD and moderate to severe BPD showed significant differences between groups (p < .05). By Multivariate analysis, pulmonary hemorrhage did not increase the risks of BPD and moderate to severe BPD (adjusted OR for BPD = 1.710, 95% CI 0.581-5.039; adjusted OR for moderate to severe BPD = 2.401, 95% CI 0.736-7.834). Conclusion It suggests that pulmonary hemorrhage is not associated with the development of BPD and moderate to severe BPD in VLBWIs.