Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi) habitat associations in northern New England forests

In northern New England, Southern Red-backed Voles have an affinity for forest stands with Eastern Hemlock and microhabitats near water and with an abundance of red maple and deep leaf litter. Loss of Eastern Hemlock following infestation by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid may trigger population declines of the Southern Red-backed Vole. Understanding habitat selection is fundamental to addressing the response of a species to disturbance. Because resources are unevenly distributed across the landscape, habitat selection occurs at multiple scales. We used capture-mark-recapture and radiotelemetry techniques to quantify the macrohabitat and microhabitat associations that define space use of the Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi) in northeastern forests. Macrohabitat characteristics were evaluated at the scale of the forest stand by comparing conditions between visited and unvisited trap stations and suggest red-backed voles have an affinity for locations with higher basal area of Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and more coarse woody material. For microhabitat characteristics we modeled the influence of forest structure, ground cover, and geographic features on home range, specifically core area placement. We found that Southern Red-backed Vole core areas were associated with higher Red Maple (Acer rubrum) basal area, deeper leaf litter, greater density of hemlock stems, and closer proximity to water. The affinity of southern red-backed voles for eastern hemlock raises questions about population persistence and shifts in distribution as eastern hemlock stands are replaced by hardwood stands following infestation by Hemlock Woolly Adelgid.