Endoscopic Management of Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: An Overview of Proposed Resection and Ablation Techniques

Simple Summary Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are relatively rare gastrointestinal neoplasms. Many NETs have a favourable prognosis, but some show aggressive features and poor long-term survival. A relatively higher incidence of small lesions amenable to endoscopic resection has been noted. The aim of this review is to present a thorough review of the literature to assist clinicians in the endoscopic management of neuroendocrine tumours (rectal, gastric, duodenal, pancreatic and oesophageal NETs), to highlight novel endoscopic therapeutic techniques of resection.Abstract A literature search of MEDLINE/PUBMED was conducted with the aim to highlight current endoscopic management of localised gastro-entero-pancreatic NETs. Relevant articles were identified through a manual search, and reference lists were reviewed for additional articles. The results of the research have been displayed in a narrative fashion to illustrate the actual state-of-the-art of endoscopic techniques in the treatment of NETs. Localised NETs of the stomach, duodenum and rectum can benefit from advanced endoscopic resection techniques (e.g., modified endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic full thickness resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection) according to centre expertise. Radiofrequency thermal ablation can be proposed as an alternative to surgery in selected patients with localised pancreatic NETs.