Different language profiles on neuropsychological tests in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may lead to different cognitive profiles. The performance on single language tests have been investigated in these patient-groups, but few studies have compared DLB and AD patients' language performances on different types of tests. The aim was to compare performances for patients with DLB, AD and healthy controls on different aspects of language function. Boston Naming Test, Naming of famous faces and verbal fluency (both semantic and lexical) were investigated in 90 DLB patients, 77 matched AD patients (MMSE score >= 21), and in a control group (N = 61). The patients had significantly lower scores on all tests compared to controls. The AD patients scored significantly lower than DLB patients on naming measures whereas the lexical fluency score was significantly lower in DLB. No significant differences were found for the semantic fluency. The frequency of impairment on the Boston Naming Test was higher in AD as compared to DLB, whereas the frequency of impairment on the lexical fluency test was significantly higher in DLB. In conclusion, DLB may lead to a different language profile than AD, and performance on language-based tests may help to differentiate patients with AD and DLB.