Development of wood preservatives to prevent biodeterioration

Wood is a widely available material that has long been used in various applications. Protection of wood products from degradation due to biotic and abiotic factors is crucial. Traditional wood preservatives have proven their effectiveness in preventing wood deterioration; however, they have serious environmental and disposal concerns. Pressure or non-pressure treatments to impregnate the biocide into the wood are desired. Thermal and chemical modifications also provide biological resistance and enhance the dimensional properties of wood. Recently, several other advanced methods are also being used; however, more knowledge needs to be explored, including safety for the environment. This review provides an overview of factors that cause the degradation of wood, and the evolution of wood preservatives over time is discussed, along with recent advancements. The impact of wood preservatives on the environment is also reviewed.