Single atom-based electrodes for alkali metal-ion batteries: Current progress and future perspectives

Alkali metal-ion batteries (Li/Na/K) are important energy storage systems due to their ample elemental reserves and suitable working voltage. Many electrode materials had been developed and utilized to seek higher capacity and cycle stability. Single atom materials (SAMs) have high active atom dispersion and are very promising. The active metal sites can promote the diffusion kinetics and adsorption of lithium, sodium and potassium ions, which plays a key role in improving the capacity and cycling-stability. However, the experimental investigation of SAMs in Li/Na/K is still in its infancy stage. In this mini review, the structural design and electrochemical performance of single atom electrode materials in Li/Na/K are systematically summarized. The current challenges and potential research directions of designing SAMs for high-performance electrodes are also discussed.