Simulations of Bingham plastic flows with the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model

Fresh cement mortar is a type of workable paste,which can be well approximated as a Bingham plastic and whose flow behavior is of major concern in engineering.In this paper,Papanastasiou’s model for Bingham fluids is solved by using the multiplerelaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model(MRT-LB).Analysis of the stress growth exponent m in Bingham fluid flow simulations shows that Papanastasiou’s model provides a good approximation of realistic Bingham plastics for values of m>108.For lower values of m,Papanastasiou’s model is valid for fluids between Bingham and Newtonian fluids.The MRT-LB model is validated by two benchmark problems:2D steady Poiseuille flows and lid-driven cavity flows.Comparing the numerical results of the velocity distributions with corresponding analytical solutions shows that the MRT-LB model is appropriate for studying Bingham fluids while also providing better numerical stability.We further apply the MRT-LB model to simulate flow through a sudden expansion channel and the flow surrounding a round particle.Besides the rich flow structures obtained in this work,the dynamics fluid force on the round particle is calculated.Results show that both the Reynolds number Re and the Bingham number Bn afect the drag coefcients CD,and a drag coefcient with Re and Bn being taken into account is proposed.The relationship of Bn and the ratio of unyielded zone thickness to particle diameter is also analyzed.Finally,the Bingham fluid flowing around a set of randomly dispersed particles is simulated to obtain the apparent viscosity and velocity fields.These results help simulation of fresh concrete flowing in porous media.