Progress in the synthesis and applications of hierarchical flower-like TiO2 nanostructures

Flower-like TiO2materials,with their advantages of high specific surface area,developed pore structure,and high photocatalytic activity,have been widely used in environmental management and air purification,sterilization,and surface self-cleaning,among other areas.This paper summarizes several methods used to fabricate the flower-like TiO2nanostructures,such as the hydrothermal,solvothermal,microemulsion,sol-gel,hydrolysis,and electrodeposition oxidation methods.In addition,the morphologies,properties,and performance of different flower-like TiO2structures are discussed.Meanwhile,the application progresses of different flower-like TiO2structures are also analyzed.