Nanophotonic-structured front contact for high-performance perovskite solar cells

We report the design of a nanophotonic metaloxide front contact aimed at perovskite solar cells(PSCs) to enhance optoelectronic properties and device stability in the presence of ultraviolet(UV) light.High-quality Cr-doped ZnO film was prepared by industrially feasible magnetron sputter deposition for the electron transport layer of PSCs.As a means,the influence of the Cr content on the film and device was systematically determined.In-depth device optics and electrical effects were studied using advanced three-dimensional opto-electrical multiphysics rigorous simulations,optimizing the front contact for realizing high performance.The numerical simulation was validated by fabricating PSCs optimized to reach high performance,energy conversion efficiency(ECE)=17.3%,open-circuit voltage(VOC)=1.08 V,short-circuit current density(JSC)=21.1 mA cm-2,and fillfactor(FF)=76%.Finally,a realistic front contact of nanophotonic architecture was proposed while improving broadband light absorption of the solar spectrum and light harvesting,resulting in enhanced quantum efficiency(QE).The nanophotonic PSC enables JSCimprovement by～17%while reducing the reflection by 12%,resulting in an estimated conversion efficiency over 23 %.It is further demonstrated how the PSCs’ UV-stability can be improved without considerably sacrificing optoelectronic performances.Particulars of nanophotonic designed ZnO:Cr front contact,PSCs device,and fabrication process are described.