Universal scaling of kinetic freeze-out parameters across different collision systems at LHC energies

In this study,we perform Tsallis Blast-Wave analysis on the transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons produced in a wide range of collision systems at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) including pp,pPb,XeXe,and PbPb collisions.The kinetic freeze-out properties varying with event multiplicity are investigated across these systems.We find that the extracted kinetic freeze-out temperature,radial flow velocity,and non-extensive parameter exhibit a universal scaling behavior for these systems with very different geometric sizes,especially when the independent baryon Tsallis non-extensive parameter is considered.This universality may indicate the existence of a unified partonic evolution stage in different collision systems at the LHC energies.