Extraordinary characteristics for one-dimensional parity-time-symmetric periodic ring optical waveguide networks

In this paper, we design a one-dimensional（1D） parity-time-symmetric periodic ring optical waveguide network（PTSPROWN） and investigate its extraordinary optical characteristics. It is found that quite different from traditional vacuum/dielectric optical waveguide networks, 1D PTSPROWN cannot produce a photonic ordinary propagation mode, but can generate simultaneously two kinds of photonic nonpropagation modes: attenuation propagation mode and gain propagation mode. It creates neither passband nor stopband and possesses no photonic band structure. This makes 1D PTSPROWN possess richer spontaneous PT-symmetric breaking points and causes interesting extremum spontaneous PT-symmetric breaking points to appear, where electromagnetic waves can create ultrastrong extraordinary transmission, reflection, and localization, and the maximum can arrive at 6.6556 × 10;and is more than 7 orders of magnitude larger than the results reported previously.1D PTSPROWN may possess potential in designing high-efficiency optical energy saver devices, optical amplifiers, optical switches with ultrahigh monochromaticity, and so on.