A Sensitivity-based Approach for Grid-Forming Inverter Allocation in Power System to Improve Voltage Performance

With the high penetration of IBRs into the power system, legacy inverters may no longer be able to provide essential services to the grid. This requires the integration of advanced inverters (also known as grid forming (GFM) inverters). However, identification of an effective placement of GFM inverters in an evolving power system is a challenging problem. In this paper, we utilize sensitivity analysis to identify critical locations in the system to place these inverters. Two techniques have been explored: modal analysis and perturbation-based sensitivity analysis. Perturbation-based sensitivity analysis offers a more practical approach avoiding the need for the system Jacobian. Using the IEEE 39 bus system as a case study, we present the practical implications of these analyses. We also utilize a trajectory sensitivity analysis to validate the results from the static sensitivity analysis.