High expression of ARPC1B promotes the proliferation and apoptosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells, leading to a poor prognosis

Background: ARPC1B has been identified as a key regulator of malignant biological behavior in various tumors. However, its specific role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the influence of ARPC1B on the prognosis and disease progression in ccRCC patients. Methods: Multi-omics data and clinical information from public databases were analyzed to determine the associations between ARPC1B and prognosis, clinical features, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity in ccRCC. Co-expression and gene set enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the potential role of ARPC1B in ccRCC pathogenesis. Functional assays, including RT-qPCR, CCK8 assays, colony formation assays, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and xenograft tumor formation in nude mice, were performed to assess ARPC1B's impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were further employed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ARPC1B in ccRCC. Results: ARPC1B expression was significantly elevated in ccRCC and associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Both independent and meta-analyses confirmed that ARPC1B is an independent prognostic risk factor in ccRCC. Furthermore, ARPC1B expression significantly correlated with the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity. In vitro, experiments demonstrated that ARPC1B knockdown suppressed ccRCC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through the BAX-Bcl-2/c-caspase3/c-PARP axis, which was further validated by in vivo studies. Conclusion: ARPC1B overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, altered immune status, and drug sensitivity in ccRCC. Furthermore, ARPC1B promotes the malignant behavior of ccRCC cells and holds potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC.