Enlightenment of the Underestimated Parameters for a Fast-Charging Energy-Dense Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Outlook

The increasing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has driven extensive research into optimizing anode materials for fast charging and high energy density. However, the literature has underestimated or overlooked several critical parameters that influence these performance metrics. This review focuses on two major categories of these parameters: those affecting fast charging and those influencing the energy density. In the first section, we explore the role of pseudocapacitive contributions, electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics, morphology, and fundamental fabrication conditions, highlighting their significant impact on charge-transfer kinetics and overall battery performance during rapid charging. In the second section, we address underestimated factors related to energy-dense anodes, including the voltage window, practical capacity considerations, and other essential variables. This review systematically analyzes these parameters and provides new insights and strategic recommendations for developing next-generation anode materials that balance fast-charging capabilities with a high energy density.