Formation of Toroidal Explosively Formed Projectile and Its Penetration into Concrete Targets

The study of the penetration efficiency of formed charges with different liner structures has practical implications for optimizing combatant structure design. In this paper, a kind of toroidal explosively formed projectile (TEFP) is proposed and the influence of the cone angle and morphology of the liner on the formation mechanism and penetration performance of TEFP is analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that, with the same charge mass, the TEFP exhibited a better hole reaming performance than the shaped charge jet; as the liner cone angle increased from 90 degrees to 150 degrees in a stepwise manner, the axial velocity of the TEFP increased slightly, while the penetration cavity diameter tended to decrease. Compared with the straight cone liner structure, the curved cone liner TEFP significantly improved the penetration depth with a slightly lower penetration cavity diameter, realizing the large-diameter penetration breakout effect for concrete targets.