Design and Performance Analysis of a Compact S-Band Antenna Design for Wireless 5G Deployment

As the landscape of wireless communication continues to rapidly evolve, the demand for compact, lightweight, and multi-band antennas has become increasingly prominent. These antennas offer the potential to achieve comparable performance to larger counterparts while possessing specific attributes such as light weight, small size, affordability, and seamless system integration. This paper addresses these requirements through the development and evaluation of a compact microstrip patch antenna operating within the frequency range of 2.1 GHz to 6 GHz. The antenna design process leverages the capabilities of HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) for precise modelling and optimization. Through modifications to a standard microstrip patch antenna, a compact form factor is achieved without compromising its operational capabilities. The antenna's performance is rigorously analyzed across a range of metrics including return loss, impedance, gain, polarization, radiation pattern, and voltage-to-wave ratio (VSWR).The simulation results of the designed antenna align closely with the performance measurements obtained from the fabricated prototype. This concurrence underscores the effectiveness of the design methodology and confirms the antenna's ability to meet the intended operational specifications. The compact antenna's performance within the 2.1 GHz to 6 GHz frequency band showcases its viability for modern wireless communication applications, contributing to the growing demand for efficient and versatile antenna solutions. Through this research, the potential of compact antennas to cater to the demands of wireless communication is demonstrated, emphasizing the importance of efficient design, accurate simulation, and successful real-world implementation. This work contributes to the ongoing advancement of antenna technology, offering insights into the capabilities of compact multi-band microstrip patch antennas and their applicability in diverse wireless communication scenarios.