Secure and convenience charging communication between electric vehicle and charging station with plug and charge

Insecure charging communication can damage the vehicle, charging station, network, and user. Secure charging communication is therefore mandatory by law, norms and standards and is based on communication protocols and authentication technology. So far, no studies for information technology (IT) security for International Organization for Standardization (ISO 15,118 communication protocols) and Plug and Charge (PnC) authentication technology are known in the literature. Therefore, an investigation of IT security for ISO 15,118 protocols with PnC in charging communication is mandatory and urgently needed. This study develops a new empirical model and research method. This enables IT security for ISO 15,118 protocols with PnC authentication technology to be systematically and methodically investigated for the first time. With the help of the new research method, different case studies are developed. The cyber-attacks are identified for each case studies. The possible threats and their influences are created by this cyber-attack for each case studies. The current and new requirements are collected, analyzed, and evaluated. The possible solutions from the requirements are developed and derived for the problems and research gaps. The solution results are validated and verified on the test bench and simulation environment.