Hybrid Multi-Access Method for Space-Based IoT: Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation and Beam Layout Based on User Distribution

The development of space-based Internet of Things is limited by insufficient allocable frequency resources and low spectrum utilization. To meet the demand for massive access users under the condition of restricted frequency resources, a multi-dimensional hybrid multiple-access method for space-time-frequency-code division based on user distribution (MHSTFC-UD) is established. It divides the beam cell of a low orbit satellite into the central and edge area and dynamically adjusts the radius of the central area and the allocation of frequency resources according to the distribution of users. The optimization model for the radius of the central area and the allocation of frequency resources is established and solved by the genetic algorithm. Also, it takes the edge area as the protection interval to realize the full-frequency multiplexing between the beam cells in the time domain, space domain and code domain. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional method of frequency reuse in two or three dimensions, the multi-dimensional hybrid multiple-access method can improve the maximum access capacity of a single satellite user by one to three orders of magnitude. Moreover, the MHSTFC-UD can increase users by an additional 11.5% to 33.1% compared to fixed area division and frequency resource allocation.