Why Not Go All-In with Artificial Intelligence?

Despite decades of research and significant current investment, AIbased applications in education have not gotten traction at scale in a way that transforms learning. The most common learning and assessment applications are intelligent tutoring systems that adjust content based on a student profile and automated essay scoring systems that apply "learned" models of scoring to score written assignments. Among the challenges facing these applications in achieving classroom implementation are: trust, existing systems of teacher and student roles and responsibilities, and fairness. This paper discusses these issues and then examines a case study of the use and subsequent removal of artificial intelligence in Khan Academy offerings.