Study of Natural Disaster in Manali Valley (Himachal Pradesh), India on 09 July 2023

Continuous heavy rainfall in July 2023, Aparticularly from the 7 th to the 10th, th , Aled to devastating flash floods, cloudbursts and landslides in Himachal Pradesh, causing extensive damage to infrastructure and properties and loss of lives. The most severely affected districts were Kullu, Mandi, Sirmaur, Shimla, Solan and nearby areas. The Manali sub-division, located in Himachal Pradesh, Aspans an altitude range of 1074 to 4017 meters above sea level. The region's climate is shaped by its mountainous terrain, with the Beas Valley's weather influenced by factors like relief, aspect and altitude. The Pir Panjal Range's windward slopes create a barrier to monsoon winds, resulting in heavy rainfall and cloudbursts in the area. AThe report from the India Meteorological DepartmentA(IMD) in Shimla, AHimachal Pradesh, on July 12, 2023, Ahighlighted the active monsoon conditions in the state from 7-10 July, exacerbated by a Western Disturbance (WD). AThis combination led to intense and unprecedented rainfall, causing extensive damage to public and private properties, particularly in hilly regions. The report mentioned that similar disasters have occurred in the past due to heavy rainfall, cloudbursts and landslides, possibly exacerbated by factors like unscientific construction, climate change and increased human activities, including tourism. The report emphasized the need for accurate predictions and proactive planning to mitigate such disasters in the future.