Designs strategies and performance of IoT antennas: a comprehensive review

Internet of Things (IoT) technology relies on wireless communication between devices through the Internet. Specialized antennas are essential for enabling seamless communication between sensors, smart devices, and network access points. Compact, high-performing antenna designs are becoming more and more in demand as smart services continue to penetrate daily life, especially in situations where wired connections are either impossible or unviable. This study provides a thorough analysis of various IoT-specific antenna designs, highlighting advancements that enhance important variables including gain, bandwidth, efficiency, and isolation. In addition to comparing existing antenna models, it looks at their strengths across different IoT applications. Furthermore, this research investigates developments in antenna design techniques, tackling crucial elements including environmental adaptability, multi-band functioning, and miniaturization to accommodate developing 5G-IoT systems. Additionally, the study examines current research gaps, ongoing challenges, and major market trends impacting the development of future 5G-IoT antenna designs. The information offered is intended to help engineers and designers choose the best antenna options and performance-boosting strategies to successfully satisfy a range of IoT communication needs.