Cost model of the water pipeline systems used in irrigation to transform into smart sustainable cities

This study presents a comprehensive cost model for the installation of pressurized pipeline systems, addressing the limitations of traditional surface irrigation methods. Utilizing a bottom-up approach, the model incorporates critical components such as materials, labor, and equipment, resulting in a calculated unit price of $236.50 per square meter for golf course irrigation systems. Beyond financial insights, this research establishes the pivotal role of efficient irrigation systems in advancing smart city initiatives. By integrating water-saving technologies and digital monitoring systems, the proposed model aligns with the principles of resource efficiency and environmental conservation. It supports the development of resilient urban green spaces while addressing global challenges such as water scarcity and climate change. This work bridges the gap between innovative cost estimation and sustainable urban planning, providing actionable tools for policymakers and stakeholders to achieve the vision of smart, sustainable cities.