Pyrite-Based Solid-State Batteries: Progresses, Challenges, and Perspectives

Pyrite (FeS2), as a transition metal sulfide, has a promise application in the field of secondary batteries due to its abundant reserves, high theoretical capacity, safety, and non-toxicity. However, serious volume expansion and shuttle effect of FeS2 in liquid secondary batteries limit its further development. Solid-state batteries offer effective solutions to these challenges. In this review, the synthesis methods of FeS2 and recent progress in FeS2-based solid-state lithium/sodium batteries are presented, and the effects of FeS2 size and morphology, solid electrolyte type, and battery structure design on the electrochemical performance of solid-state batteries are discussed. By analyzing and summarizing the problems in applying FeS2 in solid-state batteries, the remaining challenges in this field are discussed and future directions are proposed. This review aims to guide research on high-performance solid-state batteries based on FeS2 and promote further development of FeS2 in electrochemical energy storage.