Biochar as an eco-friendly adsorbent for ibuprofen removal via adsorption: A review

The presence of ibuprofen in water bodies has become a significant environmental concern due to its widespread use and persistence as pharmaceutical waste. As a hazardous contaminant, ibuprofen poses risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This review explores the potential of biochar, a sustainable and eco-friendly adsorbent, for efficiently removing ibuprofen from aqueous solutions. Biochar is highlighted as a green alternative due to its versatility and environmental benefits. The review delves into the various preparation techniques for biochar, which impact its adsorption capacity and efficiency. Additionally, the mechanisms governing ibuprofen adsorption, including physical and chemical interactions, are thoroughly examined. Advanced characterization techniques are discussed, providing insights into biochar's structure and functionality. Factors influencing adsorption, such as pH, biochar dosage, ibuprofen concentration, contact time, and temperature, are analyzed to optimize removal processes. A comparison with other adsorbents underscores biochar's superiority in terms of environmental impact and cost-effectiveness. The review concludes by emphasizing the environmental and economic benefits of adopting biochar as a viable solution for ibuprofen removal, positioning it as a key player in sustainable water treatment strategies.