Understanding the interplay: Uncertainty, health literacy, information seeking, social media engagement, and COVID-19-related PTSD symptoms

This cross-sectional survey research study examined the psychological impacts of uncertainty, health literacy, information-seeking behaviors, and engagement with social media on COVID-19-related PTSD symptoms during the pandemic. Among a sample of 1700 individuals aged 18-65 years, the study measures specific aspects of uncertainty about health (fear of contracting COVID-19 or worrying about further health consequences), and how long the pandemic would last (uncertainty if life would be back to normality). Findings of structural equational modeling analyses reveal a significant positive correlation between uncertainty and increased PTSD symptoms, underscoring the role of uncertainty in exacerbating mental health issues during prolonged crises. The study also identified that while information-seeking and social media usage are common coping mechanisms intended to reduce uncertainty, these behaviors may paradoxically increase stress and PTSD symptoms due to exposure to misinformation or alarming content. Additionally, higher health literacy was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, more information seeking but less social media engagement. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions that enhance health literacy and provide clear, reliable information to effectively manage the psychological impacts of crises.