Exploring the influence of the private park on spatial equity in urban parks: A case study in Seoul, South Korea

This research explores the spatial inequities in urban park availability and accessibility in Seoul, South Korea, with a particular focus on the role of private parks within apartment complexes. Urban parks are essential for public health, recreation, and biodiversity, yet rapid urbanization has often led to a reduced supply of public urban parks. This study investigates how private parks can complement public parks by addressing spatial inequities, and suggests the need to revisit the concept of spatial publicness. The integration of private parks within residential areas offers a new strategy to mitigate the lack of urban green infrastructure. By analyzing both the availability and accessibility of public and private parks at the neighborhood level, this study contributes to understanding how urban planning can leverage private parks to achieve greater equity in urban park provision. The findings indicate that private parks, often situated in affluent areas, potentially exacerbate spatial disparities. This suggests the need for integrated urban planning and policy interventions that promote equitable access to urban parks across all socioeconomic groups. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of policies encouraging the inclusion of private parks in private residential developments to ensure they benefit the broader community and address environmental justice issues.