Renewable energy and greenhouse gas reduction for water supply in conflict-affected Syria

The humanitarian crisis in Syria has severely impacted essential infrastructure, resulting in a significant energy deficit and scarcity of clean water. This study examines how renewable energy solutions, specifically solar photovoltaic systems, can ensure a reliable water supply in conflict-affected regions. The analysis draws on real- world data from the Syrian Water Resource Platform, which includes detailed operational and energy status information for 1328 water stations. Using simulation-based scenario analysis, the study evaluates the impact of renewable energy adoption on operational efficiency, energy costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. The findings indicate that integrating renewable energy can significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels, improve operational reliability, and lower carbon dioxide emissions. Hypothetical future scenarios demonstrate that decentralized solar photovoltaic systems, complemented by hybrid energy solutions, offer the most costeffective and sustainable approach for ensuring continuous water supply in humanitarian settings. Policy recommendations emphasize investments in decentralized renewable energy systems, capacity-building programs for local technicians, and the development of resilient supply chains for renewable energy equipment. These initiatives can enhance energy and water security in crisis contexts, contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, net-zero emissions targets, and improved resilience and well-being of affected populations. By prioritizing renewable energy solutions, policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and stakeholders can contribute to the overall resilience and well-being of affected populations.