Evaluation of hand-arm vibration (HAV) exposure among groundskeepers in the southeastern United States

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate daily hand-arm vibration (HAV) exposure among groundskeepers, characterize power tools used, and estimate lifetime cumulative HAV exposure dose. Methods: Seventeen groundskeepers and ten office workers employed at two US southeasterrn institutions were recruited as a target exposure group and a reference group, respectively. A 6-d exposure assessment of HAV was scheduled, and vibration dosimeters were used to obtain daily vibration exposure value, A(8). Information on power tools used and corresponding operation duration was recorded to assign the real-time vibration data collected from the dosimeters for tool characterization in terms of vibration total value (ahv) and frequency. Lifetime cumulative exposure dose, a hv-lifetime , was determined using a hv for all tools used and lifetime exposure duration obtained through a questionnaire. Results: The individual groundskeepers' average A(8) ranged from 0.8 to 2.6 and from 1.0 to 2.6 m/s2 for the right hand and left hands, respectively. Among 11 power tools used by the groundskeepers, grass trimmers contributed the most to the vibration exposure. The average ahvof the individual tools ranged from 8.0 (chainsaws) to 1.9 m/s2 (seating mowers and handheld blowers) for the right hand and from 6.4 (push mowers) to 1.4 m/s2 (backpack blowers) for the left hand.The highest acceleration peak of grass trimmers, edgers, backpack blowers, pole saws, riding blowers, and hedgers was observed between 100 and 200 Hz while riding mowers, seating mowers, push mowers, and chainsaws showed the highest acceleration peak at lower frequencies (<= 63.5 Hz). The groundskeepers' average a hv-lifetime was 76,520.6 and 61,955.5 h m/s2 for the right and left hands, respectively.The average a hv-lifetime of office workers was 2,306.2 and 2,205.8 h m/s2 for the right and left hands, respectively, which was attributed to personal hobby activities. Conclusion: Three groundskeepers' average A(8) reached 2.5 m/s2, the Action Limit recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The highest contribution to the vibration exposure was observed during grass trimmer operations with a major acceleration peak at 100 Hz. The groundskeepers' a hv-lifetime was 33 and 28 times higher for the right and left hands, respectively, than the office workers.