Reliability impact of dynamic thermal line rating and electric vehicles on wind power integrated networks

Wind power, as a sustainable clean energy source, has been widely used in power systems. However, the intermittency of wind power poses a threat to the reliability of these systems. One solution to address this issue is the integration of electric vehicle (EV) scheduling. By using EVs with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, grid reliability can be improved: EVs can charge when there is excess wind power and discharge when there is a shortage. Another technology that enhances wind power system reliability is Dynamic Thermal Line Rating (DTLR). The DTLR system increases transmission line capacity based on actual weather conditions, helping to alleviate network congestion. Despite the benefits of these technologies, their coordinated operation has not been jointly modeled for reliability purposes before. This study presents, for the first time, a reliability model for the coordinated operation of these two technologies and introduces a new reliability index, the Smart Regulation Reliability Index (SRRI). Simulations were conducted using the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system. The results show that the coordinated operation of these technologies reduces Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) by nearly 28.8 % and increases SRRI by about 12.9 %.