Synthesis of Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides and Application for Wastewater Treatment

This study systematically investigates the optimization of synthesis parameters for ternary layered double hydroxide (LDH) to achieve a pure phase and high crystallinity. The [Co0.52+Al0.253+Fe0.253+(OH)2].(CO32-)0.125.mH2O$[{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.5}<^>{2 + }{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.25}<^>{3 + }{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.25}<^>{3 + }( {\mathrm{OH}})_2 ].( {\mathrm{CO}}_3<^>{2 - } )_{0.125}.{\mathrm{m}}{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}$, LDH is synthesized using the coprecipitation method and applied for wastewater treatment. The ternary LDH is synthesized at 60 degrees C for 24 h and exhibited maximum crystallinity with a crystallite size of 4 nm. The crystallinity index (CI) is a quantitative indicator of crystallinity, which is calculated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The influence of reaction time on the structural characteristics of this LDH was thoroughly investigated, mainly focusing on achieving well-crystalline LDH. Experimental results revealed a direct correlation between reaction time and crystallinity. This study highlights the significant influence of controlled synthesis and reaction time on producing high crystalline ternary LDH. The role of different parameters, such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and dye concentration, has been investigated. The adsorption isotherm data is analyzed using different isotherm models, which shows this material having a significant adsorption capacity of 82.92 mg/g for Congo Red dye. The current study shows an advanced systematic investigation into the enhancement and modification of layered double hydroxide (LDH) properties under suitable synthesis parameters, and it applies to dye degradation. image